Plant diseases of chilli
Even diseases can be a serious problem during the cultivation of pepper. There are three types of diseases: viral, bacterial and fungal infections. Try to know and recognize the symptoms, it is definitely the first step to make the right cure... the best cure is still prevention.
VIRAL DISEASES:
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV): is a highly contagious and persistent disease caused by the tobacco of cigarettes. It spreads mechanically, by touching infected hands or instruments from plants. The virus manifests itself in the form of yellow or green spots on the leaves of the plant. It often presents itself on the basis of deformation or curling of the leaf. The destruction of the chloroplasts and the increased activity of enzymes regulating the blocking photosynthesis and plant growth in consequence provoke the collapse. There is no cure for this type of virus but only preventive strategies.
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV):can infect up to 775 plant species and is one of the most significant viral infection all over the world. The virus has a certain number of strains but all are able to infect the pepper plant. They are transmitted by many aphid species, differing only by the symptoms. These are similar to that of the tobacco mosaic virus, it is thus also lead to confusion. The symptoms presented by bright green spots at the nerve ends of the leaf which is then spread on the entire leaf. There is no cure for this type of virus but only preventive strategies.
Tobacco etch virus (TEV): this virus infects many species of the Solanacee which is transmitted by more than ten aphid species, including the Myzus persicae. It does not seem to be transmitted through the seed. The varied symptoms depending on the species. All in all, the typical symptoms include a "lighter" of the ribs, veins and nerves, as well as lines of incisions. They appear on the leaves and the fruit. The development is stunted clear. There is no cure for this type of virus but only preventive strategies.
Potato virus Y The potato virus Y (PVY):provoke different symptoms from the complete latency of slightly necrotic mosaic up to severe necrotic phenomens. As CMV the PVY be transmitted by various aphid species but the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is the most important carrier. Since the PVY generate in potatoes, it is recommended to isolate chili plants from potato plants. There is no cure for this type of virus but only preventive strategies.
BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS:
The Anthracnose is caused by the mold Colletotrichum coccodes: a pathogenic mold of the Ascomycetes, which growth be promoted with warm temperatures and high humidity. The symptoms occur on both sleeves and on mature and immature fruits. Characteristic are depressions and round, light brown spots that can be up to 3 cm. A fungicide may be necessary.
Powdery mildew is caused by the fungus Leveillula taurica. It can develop at any stage of development of the plant and mainly affects the leaves. The symptoms manifested by the formation of a flour-like, white, later yellow patina on the undersides of the leaves and yellowish spots on the top expiring. Powdery mildew causes wilting and falling of the leaves, thus stopping the development of the fruit. You can use fungicides or solutions of sulfur and potassium bicarbonate.
Bacterial infection can be caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria. The initial symptoms are hydropic, irregular spots that are visible on the underside of the leaf and later develop into necrotic spots with chlorotic margin, best seen underneath the leaf. The damage consists of the fall of the leaves and the loss of the fruit. Here Valid is the use of copper-based fungicides although excessive use can retard the growth of the plants.
The foot rot is caused by the fungus Phytophthora capsici and usually occurs in moist, sensitive zones. Thus, it is better to prevent excessive watering not well dissipative ground. The symptoms are the rotting of the roots of the neck and the bale with the subsequent rapid drying of the plant. Recommended the use of fungicides.
The spots of the so-called "frog-eye" caused by the fungus Cercospora capsici. This disease is characterized by small round spots which are light gray in the middle, reddish brown with a gray center and a reddish-brown margin. These are up to 1 cm diameter in size and cause severe defoliation. The fruits are not infected but suffering with a significant devaluation. The use of fungicides is probably the best solution.
The Damping-off is a term that is used frequently in the agricultural economy and describes the various disorders that are caused by mold, and before the seeds or plants are kills after germination. This can be caused by various type of mold such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia and Fusarium, or simply just by poor semen quality. Is it possible to use fungicides for preventive strategies.
The white mold is caused by the mold Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and provokes the decomposition of plant parts above ground or below the plants. Recommended the use of fungicides.
The soft rot is caused by the bacterium Erwinia carotovora carotovora PV and directly affects the fruit. The internal tissue softens and then turns into a foul-smelling, watery mass. The Erwinia carotovora can strike both in the growth phase or after completion of growth and provokes drying, yellowing, necrosis and soft rot of the trunk. At present there are no effective means of direct struggle but only preventive strategies.
The bacterial drying is caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum. The first symptoms begin the drying of the leaves. After a few days, the whole plant dry without yellowing of leaves. You can prove this bacterium by cut off the roots or lower stems and put them in water. The bacteria leave milky-white threads. The best prevention is to use purified vegetable seeds and remove diseased plants.
The Verticillium dahliae a mold of the soil, which is able to infect the plants in any stage of development. The plants show a yellowing of the leaves and have stunted growth. In practice, the mold clogs the vessels of the woody plants, thereby obstructing the movement of lymph, so that the branches wither and dry up. When the stem turns brown you can be almost certain of an attack of mold.The best prevention is to remove the diseased plants and use fumigants for soil disinfection.
